Clean Start
A clean start means you start speaking with no hesitation. You state your opinion clearly and succinctly, then progress to your supporting illustration, for example:
Personally, I think that students should have part-time jobs while in high school. For example, when I was a high school student, I had a job at an English bookstore in Budapest, Hungary. My job was to put books on the shelves and help customers.
Rough Start
A rough start means you are using conversational (non academic) English. This will result in a lack of fluency and automaticity (OPDUL=C), and coherence (OPDUL=C), for example:
Yo. I think it’s good. Working in high school. Everybody should do it. Make some money. Cool. A good example? There are lots. Really.
Clean End
A clean end means you clearly and succinctly restate your opinion and stop. Resist the temptation to say more or to correct yourself, for example:
For those reasons, working in a bookstore in high school really helped me to become more independent and responsible.
Rough End
A rough end means you are speaking conversationally. This will result in a lack of fluency and automaticity (OPDUL=C), and coherence (OPDUL=C), for example:
Working was, you know, fun. Everybody should do it. That’s all. No. Actually, I hated it. Money causes nothing but problems. Is this microphone on?
Want to learn more speaking (and writing!) strategies? It's all in the book.
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- Start clean, end clean -
© Bruce Stirling 2010-11
